Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on New Treatment Modalities for Temporomandibular Dysfunctions and Orofacial Pain / Conocimientos, Actitudes y Prácticas sobre Nuevas Nodalidades de Tratamiento de las Disfunciones Tempomanibulares y el Dolor Orofacial

The present study proposed to describe, through a literature review, the use of new therapeutic management which allows for offering a better quality of life to individuals affected by these pathologies. A bibliographic search was conducted in the main health databases PUBMED (www.pubmed.gov) and Scholar Google (www.scholar.google.com.br), in which studies published from 1987 to 2023 were collected. In the first stage, the list of retrieved articles was examined by reading the titles and abstracts. In the second stage, the studies were selected by reading the full contents. Two authors (JDMM and DAQ) performed stages 1 and 2. Experimental, clinical, case-control, randomized controlled, and laboratory cohort studies, case reports, systematic reviews, and literature reviews, which were developed in living individuals, were included. Therefore, articles that did not deal with the subject in question, letters to the editor, opinion articles, duplicated literature in databases, and literature that did not address the variables under study, we re excluded. Contemporary dentistry uses alternative treatments capable of improving the patient's condition since a cure is not always possible. Therefore, the possibility of improving the quality of life becomes an important point to be reached. Evidence-based healthcare has made great advances in recent decades, especially in the areas of orofacial pain, TMD, and occlusion, especially related to orthodontic, prosthetic, and restorative care.

En el presente estudio se propuso describir, a través de una revisión bibliográfica, el uso de nuevos manejos terapéuticos que permitan brindar una mejor calidad de vida a los individuos afectados por estas patologías. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las principales bases de datos de salud PUBMED (www.pubmed.gov) y Scholar Google (www.scholar.google.com.br), en las que se recopilaron estudios publicados entre 1987 y 2023. En la primera etapa, se examinó la lista de artículos recuperados mediante la lectura de los títulos y resúmenes. En la segunda etapa, los estudios fueron seleccionados mediante la lectura del contenido completo. Dos autores (JDMM y DAQ) realizaron las etapas 1 y 2. Se incluyeron estudios de cohortes experimentales, clínicos, de casos y controles, controlados aleatorios y de laboratorio, informes de casos, revisiones sistemáticas y revisiones de la literatura, que se desarrollaron en individuos vivos. Por lo tanto, se excluyeron artículos que no trataran el tema en cuestión, cartas al editor, artículos de opinión, literatura duplicada en bases de datos y literatura que no abordara las variables en estudio. La odontología contemporánea utiliza tratamientos alternativos capaces de mejorar el estado del paciente, ya que no siempre es posible la curación. Por lo tanto, la posibilidad de mejorar la calidad de vida se convierte en un objetivo importante. La atención médica basada en la evidencia ha logrado grandes avances en las últimas décadas, especialmente en las áreas de dolor orofacial, TMD y oclusión, especialmente en relación con la atención de ortodoncia, prótesis y restauración.

Comparative analysis of Candida spp. isolated from complete denture wearers with and without an HIV diagnosis.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Denture-related stomatitis (DRS), an inflammation frequently present in human immunodeficiency virus-positive (HIV+) individuals, can be attributable to colonization by Candida spp., which is considered a main factor. The virulence factors of these species are often modulated by the systemic condition of their hosts. PURPOSE: The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the incidence, virulence, and morphology of Candida spp. isolated from biofilms of complete denture wearers with DRS, with and without an HIV diagnosis. In addition, the interaction of the systemic condition with the ability of Candida spp. to colonize was evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-five complete denture wearers diagnosed with DRS were divided into 2 groups: experimental (HIV+) and control (human immunodeficiency virus-noninfected participants [HIV-]). Biofilm was collected by a standardized method of ultrasonification of prostheses. The incidence was evaluated by a chromogenic method and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The virulence factors were assessed by using the capacity for biofilm formation by counting colony-forming units (CFUs/mL), biofilm metabolism by tetrazolium salt metabolization, and proteinase and phospholipase production by using a fluorimetric kit. Morphology was verified by using the hyphae-inducing test, and participants' health data were collected with a form. Data were analyzed by using the Student t, Mann-Whitney U, Spearman, and Fisher tests (α=.05). RESULTS: The results of incidence were related to 55 participants (22 experimental and 33 control); in total, 63 Candida spp. samples were isolated, showing 28 Candida albicans and 36 nonalbicans strains. No significant difference was found between groups in baseline CFU/mL counts, biofilm formation capacity, cell metabolism, and phospholipase production. Proteinase production was higher for C. albicans in the control (P=.031) and for nonalbicans in the experimental (P=.016) groups. Relative to health data, the experimental group showed a moderate negative correlation between the CFU count/mL at baseline for nonalbicans and DRS classification (P=.020). CONCLUSIONS: C. albicans was the most prevalent species. No difference was found in the Candida spp. of complete denture wearers with DRS, with and without an HIV diagnosis, with regard to virulence factors (except for proteinase production) and morphology.

Disfunção temporomandibular e ansiedade em graduandos de odontologia / Disfunción temporomandibular y ansiedade en los estudiantes de odontologia / Temporomandibular dysfunction and anxiety among dental students

Introdução: A disfunção temporomandibular apresenta etiologia multifatorial, enquadrando-se nesses fatores etiológicos condições psicológicas como a ansiedade. Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência da disfunção temporomandibular, ansiedade e seus respectivos graus nos graduandos. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo do tipo transversal, observacional, com abordagem indutiva, adotando como estratégia de coleta de dados o Índice Anamnésico de Fonseca e o Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado em uma amostra de 185 estudantes de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, Brasil. Os dados foram trabalhados pela estatística descritiva e submetidos ao teste estatístico Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher considerado significativo ao nível de 5 porcento. Resultados: Os resultados indicam que a maioria da amostra é composta pelo sexo feminino (67 porcento) com idade média de 21,4 anos. Além disso, 79 porcento dos alunos apresentou algum grau da disfunção, tendo a maior parte (72 porcento) se encaixado no grau leve. A ansiedade estado e a ansiedade traço foram mais prevalentes no grau moderado com 79 porcento e 72 porcento, respectivamente. Não foi identificada associação estatística significativa entre a presença e ausência de Disfunção Temporomandibular e ansiedade, seja ela traço ou estado, na amostra estudada com p= 0,484 e p= 0,297, respectivamente. Conclusão: Conclui-se que houve uma alta prevalência de Disfunção Temporomandibular e ansiedade nos graduandos de Odontologia, destacando-se, assim, a importância da busca detalhada desses sinais e sintomas durante o exame clínico(AU)

Introducción: La disfunción temporomandibular presenta una causa multifactorial, incluyéndose en estos factores causales condiciones psicológicas como la ansiedad. Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia de la disfunción temporomandibular y la ansiedad y sus respectivos niveles en estudiantes. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio del tipo transversal, observacional y con enfoque inductivo. Se adoptó como estrategia de recolección de datos el índice de anamnesis de Fonseca y el inventario de ansiedad rasgo-estado en una muestra de 185 estudiantes de Odontología de la Universidade Federal de Campina Grande. Los datos fueron trabajados por la estadística descriptiva y sometidos a la prueba estadística de chi cuadrado y exacta de Fisher, considerado significativo al nivel de 5 por ciento. Resultados: Los resultados indican que la mayoría de la muestra eran del sexo femenino (67 por ciento) con una edad promedio de 21,4 años. Además, 79 por ciento de los alumnos presentaron algún nivel de disfunción, y la mayor parte (72 por ciento) se encuadró en el nivel leve. La ansiedad estado y la ansiedad rasgo fueron más prevalentes en el nivel moderado con 79 por ciento y 72 por ciento, respectivamente. No se identificó ninguna asociación estadística significativa entre la presencia y ausencia de disfunción temporomandibular y la ansiedad, sea rasgo o estado, en la muestra investigada, con los respectivos valores de p= 0,484 y p= 0,297. Conclusiones: Hubo una alta prevalencia estadística de disfunción temporomandibular y ansiedad en los estudiantes de Odontología, así que se destaca la importancia de la búsqueda detallada de estos signos y síntomas en el examen clínico(AU)

Introduction: The etiology of temporomandibular dysfunction is multifactorial, and causal factors include psychological conditions such as anxiety. Objective: Identify the prevalence of temporomandibular dysfunction and anxiety as well as their levels among dental students from the Federal University of Campina Grande. Methods: An inductive cross-sectional observational study was conducted of a sample of 185 dental students from the Federal University of Campina Grande. Data collection was based on Fonseca's anamnesis index and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and subjected to the chi-square statistical test and Fisher's exact test, with a significance level of 5 percent. Results: Results show that most of the sample was female (67 percent) with a mean age of 21.4 years. On the other hand, 79 percent of the students had some degree of dysfunction, which was mild in most (72 percent). Anxiety state and anxiety trait were more prevalent on the moderate level with 79 percent and 72 percent respectively. No significant statistical association was identified in the study sample between the presence and absence of temporomandibular dysfunction and anxiety, be it trait or state, with values of p= 0.484 and p= 0.297 respectively. Conclusions: High statistical prevalence was found of temporomandibular dysfunction and anxiety among dental students, hence the importance of a detailed search for those signs and symptoms during clinical examination(AU)

Disfunção temporomandibular e ansiedade em graduandos de odontologia / Disfunción temporomandibular y ansiedade en los estudiantes de odontologia / Temporomandibular dysfunction and anxiety among dental students

Introdução: A disfunção temporomandibular apresenta etiologia multifatorial, enquadrando-se nesses fatores etiológicos condições psicológicas como a ansiedade. Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência da disfunção temporomandibular, ansiedade e seus respectivos graus nos graduandos. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo do tipo transversal, observacional, com abordagem indutiva, adotando como estratégia de coleta de dados o Índice Anamnésico de Fonseca e o Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado em uma amostra de 185 estudantes de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, Brasil. Os dados foram trabalhados pela estatística descritiva e submetidos ao teste estatístico Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher considerado significativo ao nível de 5 porcento. Resultados: Os resultados indicam que a maioria da amostra é composta pelo sexo feminino (67 porcento) com idade média de 21,4 anos. Além disso, 79 porcento dos alunos apresentou algum grau da disfunção, tendo a maior parte (72 porcento) se encaixado no grau leve. A ansiedade estado e a ansiedade traço foram mais prevalentes no grau moderado com 79 porcento e 72 porcento, respectivamente. Não foi identificada associação estatística significativa entre a presença e ausência de Disfunção Temporomandibular e ansiedade, seja ela traço ou estado, na amostra estudada com p= 0,484 e p= 0,297, respectivamente. Conclusão: Conclui-se que houve uma alta prevalência de Disfunção Temporomandibular e ansiedade nos graduandos de Odontologia, destacando-se, assim, a importância da busca detalhada desses sinais e sintomas durante o exame clínico(AU)

Introducción: La disfunción temporomandibular presenta una causa multifactorial, incluyéndose en estos factores causales condiciones psicológicas como la ansiedad. Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia de la disfunción temporomandibular y la ansiedad y sus respectivos niveles en estudiantes. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio del tipo transversal, observacional y con enfoque inductivo. Se adoptó como estrategia de recolección de datos el índice de anamnesis de Fonseca y el inventario de ansiedad rasgo-estado en una muestra de 185 estudiantes de Odontología de la Universidade Federal de Campina Grande. Los datos fueron trabajados por la estadística descriptiva y sometidos a la prueba estadística de chi cuadrado y exacta de Fisher, considerado significativo al nivel de 5 por ciento. Resultados: Los resultados indican que la mayoría de la muestra eran del sexo femenino (67 por ciento) con una edad promedio de 21,4 años. Además, 79 por ciento de los alumnos presentaron algún nivel de disfunción, y la mayor parte (72 por ciento) se encuadró en el nivel leve. La ansiedad estado y la ansiedad rasgo fueron más prevalentes en el nivel moderado con 79 por ciento y 72 por ciento, respectivamente. No se identificó ninguna asociación estadística significativa entre la presencia y ausencia de disfunción temporomandibular y la ansiedad, sea rasgo o estado, en la muestra investigada, con los respectivos valores de p= 0,484 y p= 0,297. Conclusiones: Hubo una alta prevalencia estadística de disfunción temporomandibular y ansiedad en los estudiantes de Odontología, así que se destaca la importancia de la búsqueda detallada de estos signos y síntomas en el examen clínico(AU)

Introduction: The etiology of temporomandibular dysfunction is multifactorial, and causal factors include psychological conditions such as anxiety. Objective: Identify the prevalence of temporomandibular dysfunction and anxiety as well as their levels among dental students from the Federal University of Campina Grande. Methods: An inductive cross-sectional observational study was conducted of a sample of 185 dental students from the Federal University of Campina Grande. Data collection was based on Fonseca's anamnesis index and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and subjected to the chi-square statistical test and Fisher's exact test, with a significance level of 5 percent. Results: Results show that most of the sample was female (67 percent) with a mean age of 21.4 years. On the other hand, 79 percent of the students had some degree of dysfunction, which was mild in most (72 percent). Anxiety state and anxiety trait were more prevalent on the moderate level with 79 percent and 72 percent respectively. No significant statistical association was identified in the study sample between the presence and absence of temporomandibular dysfunction and anxiety, be it trait or state, with values of p= 0.484 and p= 0.297 respectively. Conclusions: High statistical prevalence was found of temporomandibular dysfunction and anxiety among dental students, hence the importance of a detailed search for those signs and symptoms during clinical examination(AU)